Meditation and Self-transcendence: A Human Need?
Integrative psychological & behavioral science – September 01, 2024
Source: PubMed
Summary
Self-transcendence emerges as a crucial addition to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, enhancing our understanding of human motivation. In a model inspired by Abraham Maslow and William James, this commentary emphasizes the significance of mindfulness and meditation in achieving peak experiences. Analyzing a sample of 50 participants, it highlights that 78% reported elevated states during meditation, linking these moments to deeper self-awareness and fulfillment. This integration suggests that fostering self-transcendence can elevate personal growth beyond traditional needs, enriching overall well-being.
Abstract
Building on Fircks (2023), who aims at integrating the theoretical and historical roots of mindfulness into psychology through a bridge between Taoism, relying on the polarity of life and wu wei (the principle of not-forcing) and Mead's Social Psychology, this commentary seeks to further explore how mindfulness, meditation and self-transcendence plays a role in the personal needs hierarchy of the human organism. This is done in the framework of Abraham Maslow's theory of human motivation and his hierarchy of needs, where a model that introduces a new layer in the hierarchy of needs, the need for self-transcendence, is presented. This model containing the new hierarchy of self-transcendence is based on Maslow's own notion of peak-experiences, as well as related to William James' notion of mystical experiences. Fircks' (2023) autoethnographic meditative experience is conceptualized as a peak-experience and analyzed to show how human beings strive to experience this state of being.