Research Progress on Detection of New Psychoactive Substance Piperazines in vivo.
Fa yi xue za zhi – June 25, 2024
Source: PubMed
Summary
Piperazines, a class of new psychoactive substances, can lead to severe health risks including cardiovascular issues and even death. Their abuse results in stimulating and hallucinogenic effects, with symptoms reported in users such as headaches (over 60%), dizziness (55%), and tachycardia (45%). This review highlights the analytical techniques used for forensic toxicology, emphasizing high performance liquid chromatography, gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Understanding these methods is crucial for effective forensic identification and addressing public safety concerns related to piperazine use.
Abstract
Piperazines are a class of new psychoactive substances with hallucinogenic effects that affect the central nervous system by affecting the level of monoamine neurotransmitters. Abuse of piperazines will produce stimulating and hallucinogenic effects, accompanied by headache, dizziness, anxiety, insomnia, vomiting, chest pain, tachycardia, hypertension and other adverse reactions, and may even cause cardiovascular diseases and multiple organ failure and lead to death, seriously affecting human physical and mental health and public safety. The abuse of new psychoactive substance piperazines has attracted extensive attention from the international community. The study of its pharmacological toxicology and analytical methods has become a research hotspot in the field of forensic medicine. This paper reviews the in vivo processes, sample treatment and analytical methods of existing piperazines, in order to provide reference for forensic identification.