Is Use of Psychedelic Drugs a Risk or Protective Factor for Late-Life Cognitive Decline?
Gerontology & geriatric medicine – January 01, 2024
Source: PubMed
Summary
Psychedelic drug usage is linked to improved executive function and reduced depressive symptoms in older adults. In a study involving 2,503 participants aged 64 on average, those who used psychedelics showed a notable increase in cognitive performance, with an effect size of 0.102 for executive function. Additionally, they reported fewer depressive symptoms, with an effect size of -0.090. These findings suggest that psychedelics may offer a promising alternative therapy to enhance cognition and quality of life among middle-aged and older adults facing health challenges.
Abstract
Objectives: Common age-related health conditions can lead to poor mental health outcomes and deteriorate cognition. Additionally, commonly prescribed medications for various mental/physical health conditions may cause adverse reactions, especially among older adults. Psychedelic therapy has shown positive impacts on cognition and has been successful in treating various mental health problems without long-lasting adversities. The current study examines the association between psychedelic drug usage and cognitive functions in middle-aged and older adults. Methods: Data were from wave 3 (2013-2014) of the Midlife in the United States (MIDUS) study. We used multiple linear regression models examining associations between psychedelic usage and cognitive functions, controlling for covariates of sociodemographic and health factors. Results: We included 2,503 individuals (Mage = 64 ± 11). After controlling for covariates, the finding revealed that psychedelic usage was independently associated with more favorable changes in executive function (β = .102, SE = 0.047, p = .031) and less depressive symptoms (β = -.090, SE = 0.021, p < .001). The same effect was not found for episodic memory (β = .039, SE = 0.066, p = .553). Discussion: Addressing the mental health implications of physical health conditions in older adults are vital for preventing neurocognitive deterioration, prolonging independence, and improving the quality of life. More longitudinal research is essential utilizing psychedelics as an alternative therapy examining late-life cognitive benefits.