Neural correlates of mindfulness meditation and hypnosis on magnetic resonance imaging: similarities and differences. A scoping review.
Journal of neuroradiology = Journal de neuroradiologie – March 01, 2024
Source: PubMed
Summary
Mindfulness meditation and hypnosis both show promise in enhancing mental health by altering brain connectivity. An analysis of 97 MRI studies revealed that both practices decreased activity in the default mode network, which is linked to self-referential thoughts, while increasing connectivity with the salience network, crucial for attention. Specifically, mindfulness showed enhanced connectivity between these networks, a finding not observed in hypnosis. These insights pave the way for understanding how these practices can effectively address stress, anxiety, and depression.
Abstract
Mindfulness meditation (MM) and hypnosis practices are gaining interest in mental health, but their physiological mechanisms remain poorly understood. This study aimed to synthesize the functional, morphometric and metabolic changes associated with each practice using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and to identify their similarities and differences. MRI studies investigating MM and hypnosis in mental health, specifically stress, anxiety, and depression, were systematically screened following PRISMA guidelines from four research databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, PsycINFO) between 2010 and 2022. In total, 97 references met the inclusion criteria (84 for MM and 13 for hypnosis). This review showed common and divergent points regarding the regions involved and associated brain connectivity during MM practice and hypnosis. The primary commonality between mindfulness and hypnosis was decreased default mode network intrinsic activity and increased central executive network - salience network connectivity. Increased connectivity between the default mode network and the salience network was observed in meditative practice and mindfulness predisposition, but not in hypnosis. While MRI studies provide a better understanding of the neural basis of hypnosis and meditation, this review underscores the need for more rigorous studies.