Multianalytical investigation reveals psychotropic substances in a ptolemaic Egyptian vase.
Scientific reports – November 13, 2024
Source: PubMed
Summary
A remarkable discovery reveals that a 2nd-century BCE Egyptian ritual vessel contained various psychotropic and medicinal substances. Analysis of the vessel identified key ingredients, including Peganum harmala and Nymphaea nouchali, known for their psychoactive properties. The study involved 100 samples and utilized advanced techniques like proteomics and metabolomics. Findings also indicated the presence of human fluids, suggesting direct involvement in rituals. Additionally, traces of fermented fruit-based liquids and honey were found, highlighting the complexity of ancient Ptolemaic beliefs and practices surrounding psychedelics.
Abstract
This study presents a comprehensive multimodal analytical study of an Egyptian ritual Bes-vase, of the 2nd century BCE employing cutting-edge proteomics, metabolomics, genetics techniques, and synchrotron radiation-based Fourier Transformed Infrared microSpectroscopy (SR µ-FTIR) to characterize organic residues of its content. We successfully identified the presence of various functional, bioactive, psychotropic, and medicinal substances, shedding light on the diverse components of a liquid concoction used for ritual practices in Ptolemaic Egypt. Using LC-MS/MS with a new methodological approach, we identified key proteins and metabolites, enabling the identification of botanical sources, confirmed by genetic sequences. Our analyses revealed traces of Peganum harmala, Nimphaea nouchali var. caerulea, and a plant of the Cleome genus, all of which are traditionally proven to have psychotropic and medicinal properties. Additionally, the identification of human fluids suggests their direct involvement in these rituals. Furthermore, metabolomics and SR µ-FTIR analyses also revealed the presence of fermented fruit-based liquid and other ingredients such as honey or royal jelly. The identification of specific chemical compounds, such as alkaloids and flavonoids, provides insight into the psychoactive and therapeutic uses of these in ancient ritual practices. This multidisciplinary study highlights the complexity of ancient cultures and their interactions with psychoactive, medicinal, and bioactive substances. These findings contribute to our understanding of ancient belief systems, cultural practices, and the utilization of natural resources, ultimately enhancing our knowledge of past societies and their connection to the natural world.