Identity of a New World Psychoactive Toad
Ancient Mesoamerica – January 01, 1992
Source: CrossRef
Summary
Ancient Mesoamericans likely used a psychoactive toad in rituals. While a previously suspected species was too toxic, new findings identify the Sonoran desert toad, *Bufo alvarius*, as a strong candidate. This toad secretes 5-MeO-DMT, a potent hallucinogen. Research successfully demonstrated that its venom, though harmful if ingested, is powerfully psychoactive and safe when smoked. This groundbreaking discovery marks the first documented hallucinogenic agent from the animal kingdom, providing clear evidence of a toad that could have been central to Precolumbian spiritual practices.
Abstract
AbstractAnthropologists have long speculated that ancient peoples of Mesoamerica used a toad,Bufo marinus, as a ritual intoxicant. This hypothesis rests on many iconographic and mythological representations of toads and on a number of speculative ethnographic reports. We rejectB. marinusas a candidate for such use because of the toxicity of its venom. A more likely candidate is the Sonoran desert toad,Bufo alvarius, which secretes large amounts of the potent, known hallucinogen, 5-methoxy-N, N-dimethyltryptamine (5-MeO-DMT). We demonstrate that the venom ofB. alvarius, though known to be toxic when consumed orally, may be safely smoked and is powerfully psychoactive by that route of administration. These experiments are the first documentation of a hallucinogenic agent from the animal kingdom, and they provide clear evidence of a psychoactive toad that could have been employed by Precolumbiae peoples of the New World.