Cognitive effects of intramuscular ketamine and oral triazolam in healthy volunteers.
Psychopharmacology – March 01, 2013
Source: PubMed
Summary
While some medications subtly impair memory, making users overestimate their performance, others are more transparent about their cognitive impact. A comparison of ketamine and triazolam in healthy volunteers revealed significant differences. Twenty participants received varying doses or placebos to assess physiological, psychomotor, and cognitive effects. Triazolam consistently impaired psychomotor coordination, attention, working memory, and episodic memory, often leading to an underestimation of cognitive impairment. Remarkably, ketamine produced less overall cognitive impairment than triazolam, even at doses with more pronounced subjective effects. This indicates ketamine offers a clearer perception of its impact.
Abstract
Several studies have documented impairments in memory processes as a result of ketamine administration; however, few studies have compared the profile of cognitive effects of ketamine to other drugs. The aim of this study was to compare the cognitive effects of ketamine with those of triazolam in healthy volunteers. Doses of ketamine (0.2, 0.4 mg/kg intramuscular (i.m.)), triazolam (0.2, 0.4 mg/70 kg p.o.), and double-dummy placebos were administered to 20 volunteers under repeated measures, counterbalanced, double-blind conditions. Peak physiological, psychomotor, subjective, and cognitive effects were examined. Ketamine impaired balance when balance was assessed early in the task order, whereas triazolam impaired psychomotor coordination and divided attention irrespective of task order. Triazolam also tended to produce greater effects on working memory and episodic memory tasks than ketamine at doses that produced lower subjective effects and higher estimates of performance. Ketamine produces less cognitive impairment than triazolam at doses that produced greater subjective effects. Thus ketamine does not produce the underestimation of cognitive impairment typically seen with triazolam.