Modulation of Event-related Potentials of Visual Discrimination by Meditation Training and Sustained Attention.
Journal of cognitive neuroscience – August 01, 2019
Source: PubMed
Summary
Intensive meditation training can fundamentally alter how the brain processes visual information, boosting our ability to discern details. Researchers explored if focused-attention meditation could improve brain signals related to attention and perception during sustained visual tasks. Participants underwent two 3-month meditation retreats. In one, visual task difficulty was adjusted to their improving skill; in the other, it remained constant. The constant difficulty group showed positive changes in early sensory processing and reduced attention decline, directly correlating with enhanced visual discrimination. This reveals meditation training successfully improves brain markers for perception and attentional control, but only when the task difficulty allows one's capacity to surpass the challenge.
Abstract
The ability to discriminate among goal-relevant stimuli tends to diminish when detections must be made continuously over time. Previously, we reported that intensive training in shamatha (focused-attention) meditation can improve perceptual discrimination of difficult-to-detect visual stimuli [MacLean, K. A., Ferrer, E., Aichele, S. R., Bridwell, D. A., Zanesco, A. P., Jacobs, T. L., et al. Intensive meditation training improves perceptual discrimination and sustained attention. Psychological Science, 21, 829-839, 2010]. Here we extend these findings to examine how discrimination difficulty and meditation training interact to modulate event-related potentials of attention and perceptual processing during vigilance. Training and wait-list participants completed a continuous performance task at the beginning, middle, and end of two 3-month meditation interventions. In the first intervention (Retreat 1), the continuous performance task target was adjusted across assessments to match training-related changes in participants' perceptual capacity. In the second intervention (Retreat 2), the target was held constant across training, irrespective of changes in discrimination capacity. No training effects were observed in Retreat 1, whereas Retreat 2 was associated with changes in the onset of early sensory signals and an attenuation of within-task decrements at early latencies. In addition, changes at later stimulus processing stages were directly correlated with improvements in perceptual threshold across the second intervention. Overall, these findings demonstrate that improvements in perceptual discrimination can modulate electrophysiological markers of perceptual processing and attentional control during sustained attention, but likely only under conditions where an individual's discrimination capacity is allowed to exceed the demand imposed by the difficulty of a visual target. These results contribute to basic understanding of the dependence of perceptual processing and attentional control to contextual demands and their susceptibility to directed mental training.