Chemistry and Toxicology of Major Bioactive Substances in Inocybe Mushrooms
International Journal of Molecular Sciences – February 23, 2021
Source: OpenAlex
Summary
Mushroom poisoning remains a significant global health threat, with the *Inocybe* genus (Agaricales) containing diverse toxins. A comprehensive review of their chemistry and toxicology reveals compounds like muscarine, responsible for severe poisoning, and psilocybin, a potent psychedelic. Summarizing available toxicity data, the work clarifies mechanisms of action. This understanding is vital for Drug Studies, guiding both treatment strategies for Mushroom Poisoning and exploring potential medical applications of these alkaloids, moving beyond their Chemical synthesis. Effective intervention, perhaps inspired by approaches like Silymarin for other poisonings, is paramount.
Abstract
Mushroom poisoning has always been a threat to human health. There are a large number of reports about ingestion of poisonous mushrooms every year around the world. It attracts the attention of researchers, especially in the aspects of toxin composition, toxic mechanism and toxin application in poisonous mushroom. Inocybe is a large genus of mushrooms and contains toxic substances including muscarine, psilocybin, psilocin, aeruginascin, lectins and baeocystin. In order to prevent and remedy mushroom poisoning, it is significant to clarify the toxic effects and mechanisms of these bioactive substances. In this review article, we summarize the chemistry, most known toxic effects and mechanisms of major toxic substances in Inocybe mushrooms, especially muscarine, psilocybin and psilocin. Their available toxicity data (different species, different administration routes) published formerly are also summarized. In addition, the treatment and medical application of these toxic substances in Inocybe mushrooms are also discussed. We hope that this review will help understanding of the chemistry and toxicology of Inocybe mushrooms as well as the potential clinical application of its bioactive substances to benefit human beings.