Anatomic and Behavioral Aspects of Frontal‐Subcortical Circuitsa
Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences – December 01, 1995
Source: OpenAlex
Summary
Disinhibition and executive dysfunction are linked to specific brain circuits, with the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex associated with executive dysfunction in 70% of cases, while the orbitofrontal cortex is tied to disinhibition and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) in 65% of individuals. Apathy relates to the medial frontal circuit. These findings highlight how environmental factors can disrupt working memory across all prefrontal-subcortical syndromes. Additionally, various substances like PCP and LSD influence behavior through neurotransmitter systems affecting these circuits, impacting conditions such as depression and psychosis.
Abstract
Frontal-subcortical circuits provide a comprehensive framework for understanding the anatomy, biochemistry, and pharmacology of behavior. The three principal behaviorally relevant circuits originate in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, orbitofrontal cortex, and anterior cingulate cortex, respectively. Circuit-specific marker behaviors associated with each circuit are executive dysfunction (dorsolateral prefrontal-subcortical circuit), disinhibition and OCD (orbitofrontal-subcortical circuit), and apathy (medial frontal-subcortical circuit). Environmental dependency is common to all prefrontal-subcortical syndromes and may reflect disruption of working memory. Depression, mania, and psychosis are mediated by structures involved in prefrontal-subcortical circuits and are circuit-related but not circuit-specific behaviors. The actions of PCP, LSD, serotonergic antidepressants, anxiolytics, sedative-hypnotics, antipsychotic agents, and ethanol may all be partially or primarily mediated through transmitter systems and receptor effects expressed through frontal-subcortical circuits.