Psychoactive substance use in patients diagnosed with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: an exploratory study
Frontiers in Psychiatry – July 11, 2023
Source: OpenAlex
Summary
Over 50% of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder patients experience symptoms into adulthood, often turning to psychoactive substances for relief. A survey of 438 individuals with ADHD revealed frequent stimulant use, including MDMA (Ecstasy) and Amphetamine. While Methylphenidate is commonly prescribed in Psychiatry, many self-medicate. This highlights a critical need in clinical psychology and medicine for proper Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder diagnosis in the population using such substances, leading to better management and reduced reliance on illicit drugs.
Abstract
Introduction Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) was originally treated as a neurodevelopmental disorder that occurs mainly in children and tends to diminish or disappear with age, but we now know that symptoms persist into adulthood in over 50% of ADHD patients. Undiagnosed individuals often turn to psychoactive substance to minimize the negative aspects of functioning and improve quality of life. Methods The study was conducted online using random sampling through a Facebook group administered by physicians and targeted to patients diagnosed with ADHD. The study was naturalistic and exploratory, therefore no hypothesis was made. 438 correctly completed questionnaires were received. Analysis of the results showed that people with ADHD turn to psychoactive substances relatively frequently. Results The most commonly used stimulants include alcohol, marijuana, 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), amphetamine/methamphetamine, and psilocybin. In the study population, methylphenidate is the most commonly used drug among patients. After treatment with psychostimulants, the majority of respondents note a decrease in symptoms of hyperactivity disorder, especially in male patients. Conclusion It is necessary to perform proper diagnostics and actively look for ADHD symptoms in patients who tend to use psychoactive substances.