A Comprehensive Review of MDMA and GHB: Two Common Club Drugs
Pharmacotherapy The Journal of Human Pharmacology and Drug Therapy – December 01, 2001
Source: OpenAlex
Summary
The dramatic rise in club drug use, particularly MDMA (Ecstasy) and GHB, poses significant health risks. From 1997 to 1999, the prevalence of these substances surged, with MDMA causing symptoms like tachycardia and hyperthermia in users. Severe reactions can lead to complications such as rhabdomyolysis and acute renal failure. GHB intoxication may result in coma and respiratory depression. Treatment for both involves critical care measures, emphasizing the need for healthcare professionals to be well-versed in managing toxic reactions from these popular euphoriants.
Abstract
“Club drugs” have become alarmingly popular. The use of 3,4‐methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, Ecstasy) and γ‐hydroxybutyrate (GHB), in particular, has increased dramatically from 1997–1999. The pharmacokinetics of MDMA and GHB appear to be nonlinear, making it difficult to estimate a dose‐response relationship. The drug MDMA is an amphetamine analog with sympathomimetic properties, whereas GHB is a γ‐aminobutyric acid analog with sedative properties. Symptoms of an MDMA toxic reaction include tachycardia, sweating, and hyperthermia. Occasional severe sequelae include disseminated intravascular coagulation, rhabdomyolysis, and acute renal failure. Treatment includes lowering the body temperature and maintaining adequate hydration. Symptoms of GHB intoxication include coma, respiratory depression, unusual movements, confusion, amnesia, and vomiting. Treatment includes cardiac and respiratory support. Because of the popularity of these agents and their potentially dangerous effects, health care professionals must be familiar with these substances and the treatment options for patients who present with symptoms of a toxic reaction.