Combined immunomodulating properties of 3,4‐methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) and cannabis in humans
Addiction – May 22, 2007
Source: OpenAlex
Summary
Polydrug consumers of MDMA and cannabis experienced significant immune system changes, with 43% showing reduced interleukin-2 levels and a notable decrease in lymphocytes and natural killer cells. Over a year, these alterations persisted, resulting in a 60% higher rate of mild infections among regular users compared to occasional users and those using cannabis alone. In total, 94 participants were evaluated, highlighting the potential long-term impact of MDMA on immune function and overall health, emphasizing the need for awareness regarding polydrug use and its implications.
Abstract
ABSTRACT Aims Cell‐mediated immune function and the occurrence of mild infectious diseases was investigated. Participants Polydrug consumers of 3,4‐methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) and cannabis ( n = 37) compared to cannabis users only ( n = 23) and control group ( n = 34). Design A longitudinal prospective study with three cross‐sectional evaluations at time 0 and at 6 months and 1 year was performed. Findings At baseline, a significant decrease in interleukin (IL)‐2 and an increase in anti‐inflammatory transforming growth factor (TGF)‐β1, together with a decrease in the number of total lymphocytes, CD4 and natural killer (NK) cells were observed in the MDMA–cannabis group, with intermediate alterations in the cannabis group. Immune alterations observed at baseline were sustained over time. No differences were found between regular and occasional MDMA users. A significantly higher rate of mild infections in regular MDMA–cannabis users compared with occasional MDMA–cannabis users and the remaining groups was observed. Conclusions The present data confirm that long‐term alterations in immunological homeostasis may result in general health status impairment and subsequent increased susceptibility to infection and immune‐related disorders.