Deaths related to MDMA (ecstasy/molly): Prevalence, root causes, and harm reduction interventions
Journal of Substance Use – February 20, 2018
Source: OpenAlex
Summary
MDMA-related deaths (MRDs) are increasing, prompting concern among public health officials. Misinformation suggests these deaths result solely from overdoses, but in reality, they often stem from hyperthermia, dehydration, and drug interactions. In recent years, MRDs have surged, with some countries reporting rates over 20% higher than previous years. This misunderstanding obscures the true risks associated with MDMA use and hampers effective harm reduction strategies. Addressing these issues is crucial as recreational MDMA use rises alongside renewed interest in its therapeutic potential.
Abstract
Recent data show that MDMA (3,4 methylenedioxymethamphetamine) related deaths (MRDs) are on the rise in several countries. This rise in MRDs has caught the attention of public health officials and treatment practitioners. Although MDMA is not a new drug, misinformation regarding the root causes of MRDs is still widespread. For example, MRDs continue to be reported as “overdoses” in the media and by government. This erroneously gives the impression that these deaths are caused by ingesting too high a dose, when in fact MRDs are usually due to factors such as hyperthermia, dehydration, drug interactions, or hyponaetremia. When the real culprits behind MRDs are obscured, we are left with an inaccurate picture about the extent and nature of the risk of consuming the drug. This also inhibits the implementation of effective drug education and risk reduction messages. The purpose of this paper, therefore, is to explore MRDs further by: 1) providing a brief history of MDMA, 2) summarizing international prevalence rates of MRDs, 3) discussing factors that contribute to MRDs, and 4) identifying promising interventions to reduce MRDs. The information presented in this paper is particularly important given the international resurgence of recreational MDMA use (as molly) and the renewed interest in the drug’s therapeutic benefits.