Persistent cerebrovascular effects of MDMA and acute responses to the drug
European Journal of Neuroscience – July 01, 2006
Source: OpenAlex
Summary
A single dose of MDMA can lead to significant cerebrovascular dysfunction, evidenced by a 46% reduction in serotonin transporter-positive fibers and a 47% decrease in paroxetine binding three weeks post-exposure. In MDMA-pretreated rats, local cerebral glucose utilization (LCMRglu) decreased significantly, while local cerebral blood flow (LCBF) remained unchanged, indicating a loss of cerebrovascular constrictor tone. Acute MDMA exposure further decreased LCBF but increased LCMRglu, suggesting potential stroke predisposition in certain individuals due to impaired cerebrovascular regulation.
Abstract
Abstract Acutely, 3,4,‐methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) induces cerebrovascular dysfunction [ Quate et al ., (2004) Psychopharmacol. , 173 , 287–295]. In the longer term the same single dose results in depletion of 5‐hydroxytrptamine (5‐HT) nerve terminals. In this study we examined the cerebrovascular consequences of this persistent neurodegeneration, and the acute effects of subsequent MDMA exposure, upon the relationship that normally exists between local cerebral blood flow (LCBF) and local cerebral glucose utilization (LCMRglu). Dark agouti (DA) rats were pre‐treated with 15 mg/kg i.p. MDMA or saline. Three weeks later, rats from each pre‐treatment group were treated with an acute dose of MDMA (15 mg/kg i.p.) or saline. Quantitative autoradiographic imaging was used to measure LCBF or LCMRglu with [ 14 C]‐iodoantipyrine and [ 14 C]‐2‐deoxyglucose, respectively. Serotonergic terminal depletion was assessed using radioligand binding with [ 3 H]‐paroxetine and immunohistochemistry. Three weeks after MDMA pre‐treatment there were significant reductions in densities of 5‐HT transporter (SERT)‐positive fibres (−46%) and [ 3 H]‐paroxetine binding (−47%). In animals pre‐treated with MDMA there were widespread significant decreases in LCMRglu, but no change in LCBF indicating a persistent loss of cerebrovascular constrictor tone. In both pre‐treatment groups, acute MDMA produced significant increases in LCMRglu, while LCBF was significantly decreased. In 50% of MDMA‐pre‐treated rats, random areas of focal hyperaemia indicated a loss of autoregulatory capacity in response to MDMA‐induced hypertension. These results suggest that cerebrovascular regulatory dysfunction resulting from acute exposure to MDMA is not diminished by previous exposure, despite a significant depletion in 5‐HT terminals. However, there may be a sub‐population, or individual circumstances, in which this dysfunction develops into a condition that might predispose to stroke.