Ayahuasca Therapy: Possible Reduction of Suicidal Ideation in Treatment-Resistant Depression - A Systematic Review.
Brayan Jonas Mano-sousa, Maria Clara Gama Fontes, Ana Clara Anacleto Gonçalves, José Carlos Fernandes Galduróz, Joaquim Maurício Duarte-almeida
Journal of psychoactive drugs April 23, 2026 Peer reviewed DOI: 10.1080/02791072.2026.2661580 via PubMed
Summary
Ayahuasca, a traditional Amazonian psychedelic, is associated with rapid and significant reductions in suicidal ideation and depressive symptoms in patients with treatment-resistant depression. A systematic review of five studies showed that ayahuasca's effects are linked to its neurobiological promotion of neuroplasticity and modulation of brain networks. While the findings are promising, there is a need for larger, more rigorous studies to create safe clinical guidelines for its use in psychiatric practice.
Study at a glance
| Design | systematic review |
|---|---|
| Sample size | 5 |
| Population | patients with depressive disorders |
| Key finding | Ayahuasca administration is associated with rapid and significant reductions in suicidal ideation and depressive symptoms. |
Abstract
Suicide, particularly in treatment-resistant depression (TRD), remains a pressing global health issue, with over 700,000 annual deaths. Existing treatments often have limited efficacy and delayed onset, creating a need for rapid-acting interventions. Ayahuasca, a traditional Amazonian psychedelic, has shown potential for rapidly reducing suicidal ideation. Our systematic review evaluated the clinical evidence regarding ayahuasca's effects on suicidality. From 6,633 initial records, five studies met the inclusion criteria. These studies, despite methodological heterogeneity, consistently demonstrate that ayahuasca administration is associated with rapid and significant reductions in suicidal ideation and depressive symptoms in patients with depressive disorders. The therapeutic effects were attributed to the synergistic action of β-carbolines and DMT present in ayahuasca. Neurobiologically, ayahuasca promotes neuroplasticity, partly through the upregulation of Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor, and modulates key brain networks, most notably by decreasing the activity of the Default Mode Network. Psychologically, this neural reconfiguration facilitates profound introspection, emotional processing, and transformative insights, which are central to its therapeutic effects. This review highlights the potential of ayahuasca as a novel therapeutic tool for suicidality but underscores the critical need for large-scale, methodologically rigorous longitudinal studies to establish definitive clinical guidelines for its safe and effective integration into psychiatric practice.