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Towards a neurophysiological model of kundalini: a theoretical framework informed by preliminary clinical observations

Swapan Samanta, Nirmal Sultania, Mukul Roychoudhury, Surendra Sharma, P. Mitra

Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience June 10, 2026 Peer reviewed DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2026.1828520 via OpenAlex

Summary

A theoretical framework is proposed to interpret kundalini phenomena through measurable physiological processes, based on a retrospective analysis of 404 patients treated for autonomic dysregulation and related issues. Improvements in heart rate variability, cortisol rhythms, and attention stability suggest a progressive integration of the nervous system that aligns with classical descriptions of kundalini. This model outlines a four-stage progression of neurophysiological states, but further prospective studies are necessary for validation.

Study at a glance

Design observational cohort
Sample size 404
Population patients treated for autonomic dysregulation, sleep disturbance, and attentional dysfunction
Key finding Preliminary observations support a testable neurophysiological model of kundalini as a process of progressive autonomic and cortical integration.

Abstract

The purpose of the present paper is not to validate the metaphysical claims of yogic traditions, but to examine whether their phenomenological descriptions correspond to measurable physiological processes. The proposal advanced here is explicitly theoretical: a hypothesis-generating model informed by preliminary retrospective clinical observations, not a claim of established proof. All interpretations of iconographic material are advanced as phenomenological correspondences - possible mappings onto identifiable neurophysiological states - rather than assertions of historical or archaeological fact. Background: Kundalini has been described in yogic literature as a transformative psychophysiological process, with systematic iconographic representations that date back across millennia. Its physiological basis remains undefined within contemporary neuroscience. This article proposes that the phenomenological descriptions embedded in classical Indian iconography may correspond in structure and sequence to identifiable neurophysiological states of autonomic integration. Objective: This article proposes a neurophysiological theoretical framework for interpreting kundalini phenomena, drawing on preliminary, retrospective clinical observations, published neuroscience, and cross-tradition phenomenological analysis. Methods: A retrospective analysis of a 14-year single-practitioner observational dataset comprising 404 consecutive patients treated for autonomic dysregulation, sleep disturbance, and attentional dysfunction using non-invasive, non-pharmacological interventions. No randomisation or control arm was employed. The dataset is presented as exploratory and hypothesis-generating clinical evidence rather than experimental proof. Results: Observed patterns-including improvements in heart rate variability (HRV), cortisol diurnal rhythm restoration, and attentional stability-are associated with a progressive nervous system integration trajectory consistent with the classical bottom-up kundalini model. The neural dispersion index (NDI), proposed in this study as an exploratory heuristic synthesis metric requiring independent validation, is used to track these changes across a seven-domain profile. The natural clinical progression follows a four-stage sequence: fragmentation (NDI > 60) → dormant baseline (NDI 40-60) → progressive integration (NDI 25-40) → threshold coherence (NDI < 25). Conclusion: Preliminary observations support a testable neurophysiological model of kundalini as a process of progressive autonomic and cortical integration. The model generates four specific falsifiable predictions. Formal prospective investigation is required before any clinical conclusions can be drawn.

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