How is Consciousness (rnam shes) Related to Wisdom (ye shes)? The Eighth Karma pa on Buddhist Differentiation and Unity Models of Reality
April 19, 2016 DOI: 10.4467/20844077sr.16.021.6514 via Semantic Scholar
Summary
The Eighth Karma pa, Mi bskyod rdo rje, distinguishes between conditioned consciousness (rnam shes) and unconditioned wisdom (ye shes) as two concurrent but nonconvergent modes of awareness. He argues that recognizing this difference is essential for realizing their underlying unity, which resolves a tension in Buddhist thought between models that separate conventional and ultimate realities and those that emphasize their unity. The article includes an annotated translation of a short text by the Karma pa on this subject.
Study at a glance
| Design | theoretical or philosophical paper |
|---|---|
| Key finding | Human beings have two concurrent but nonconvergent modes of awareness, conditioned consciousness and unconditioned wisdom, and recognizing their difference is key to realizing their underlying unity. |
Abstract
This study examines how Mi bskyod rdo rje (1507‒1554), the Eighth Karma pa of the Karma Bka’ brgyud lineage, articulates and defends a key distinction between consciousness (rnam shes) and wisdom (ye shes). The first paper focuses on the author’s clarification of the distinction both as an accurate account of the nature and structure of human consciousness and as an indispensable principle of Buddhist soteriology. Arguing that human beings have two “concurrent but nonconvergent” modes of awareness, conditioned and unconditioned, Mi bskyod rdo rje urges the practitioner to discern amidst the adventitious flux of dichotomic thoughts an innate nondual mode of awareness that is regarded as the ground and goal of the Buddhist path. That the recognition of their difference is the key to realizing their underlying unity is central to the Karma pa’s response to the perennial Buddhist problem of reconciling two divergent Buddhist models of reality: [1] a differentiation model based on robust distinctions between conventional and ultimate truths or realities (saṃvṛtisatya versus paramārthasatya) and their associated modes of cognition and [2] an identification (yuganaddha) model of the two realities (satyadvaya : bden gnyis) which emphasizes their underlying unity. This article concludes with an annotated translation and critical edition of a short text by the Karma pa on the subject entitled “Two minds in one person? A Reply to the Queries of Bla ma Khams pa” (bla ma khams pa’i dris lan mi gcig sems gnyis).