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Esotericism Theorized: Major Trends and Approaches to the Study of Esotericism

Wouter J. Hanegraaff

UvA-DARE (University of Amsterdam) April 29, 2026 DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.19890676 via OpenAlex

Summary

The text argues that secrecy in religion is not merely about hiding information but functions as a social and cognitive mechanism that creates and maintains group identity, authority, and spiritual value. It examines how secret teachings, rituals, and texts in various religious traditions—particularly Gnostic and esoteric movements—serve to establish boundaries between insiders and outsiders, enhance the perceived power of knowledge, and foster transformative experiences among initiates. The argument suggests that secret religion is a dynamic practice of revelation and concealment that shapes religious communities and their claims to truth.

Study at a glance

Characteristics Theoretical or philosophical paper Peer reviewed
Keywords Philosophy
Citations 17
Key finding Secrecy in religion functions as a social and cognitive mechanism that creates group identity, authority, and spiritual value through practices of revelation and concealment.

Abstract

in: April D. DeConick (ed.), Religion: Secret Religion, MacMillan 2016, 155-170.

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