Perioperative Ketamine and Cancer Recurrence: A Comprehensive Review.
Journal of clinical medicine – March 26, 2024
Source: PubMed
Summary
Ketamine, commonly used in anesthesia, shows promising potential in reducing cancer recurrence after surgery. The drug's unique properties fight cancer cells while supporting immune function and reducing inflammation. Studies reveal that ketamine influences crucial biomarkers and gut microbiota, potentially improving postoperative outcomes. This dual action - targeting cancer cells directly and boosting the body's natural defenses - makes it a valuable tool in cancer treatment.
Abstract
Cancer is a significant global health threat and a leading cause of death worldwide. Effective early-stage interventions, particularly surgery, can potentially cure many solid tumors. However, the risk of postoperative cancer recurrence remains high. Recent research highlights the influence of perioperative anesthetic and analgesic choices on the fate of residual cancer cells, potentially affecting recurrence risks. Among these agents, ketamine-a well-known anesthetic and analgesic-has garnered interest due to its antitumor properties, mainly through inhibiting the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor found in various cancer tissues. Additionally, ketamine's potential immunomodulatory effects, given the expression of NMDA receptors on immune cells, suggest that it plays a significant role during the perioperative period. This review synthesizes current evidence on ketamine's impact on cancer cell biology, inflammation, immune modulation, and the role of the gut microbiota, proposing ketamine as a promising agent for enhancing oncological outcomes.