The way NMDA antagonists alter negative affective biases in male rats could predict how well these drugs will work in humans with major depressive disorder.
Psychiatric disorders such as anxiety and major depressive disorder are difficult to study in non-human animals because they are diagnosed through clinical interviews and self-reported symptoms. Despite over 70 years of research, how antidepressants affect mood remains unknown. With renewed interest in psychedelic treatments, translational methods are needed to study underlying mechanisms and predict clinical effects. Human studies have limited resolution and mechanistic depth, so animal studies are important for understanding how psychedelics alter behavior and for drug development. Their value depends on using clinically relevant methods. This perspective article considers whether 'behavioral biomarkers' translated to animal tasks could provide this approach.