A Scoping Review and Integrated Model of Embodiment in Psychosis
PsyArXiv March 11, 2026 Ciara Nealon, Brian Patrick Keane, Donagh Seaver O'Leary et al. preprint
Disrupted embodiment—the integration of sensory, motor, and cognitive processes underlying self-experience and bodily awareness—is a consistent feature across psychotic disorders and psychotic-like experiences. A scoping review of 91 studies, mostly cross-sectional and using single-modality assessments, found large effect sizes in 33 studies indicating disrupted embodiment across six domains: phenomenological, interoceptive, exteroceptive, proprioceptive, multisensory integration, and social and embodied cognition. The authors propose an integrative framework to unify these fragmented findings and guide future research using multimodal tools.