Skip to content

Tom P Freeman

Clinical Psychopharmacology Unit, University College London, London WC1E 7HB, UK.

3 papers in the library · 24 citations · publishing 2022-2025

Papers

Clinical withdrawal symptom profile of synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonists and comparison of effects with high potency cannabis.

Psychopharmacology May 1, 2022 Sam Craft, Jason A Ferris, Monica J Barratt et al. 19 citations

People who frequently use synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonists (SCRAs) experience a distinct withdrawal syndrome, with sleep problems, irritability, and low mood being the most common symptoms. Among 284 frequent users who had tried to quit, an average of 4.4 withdrawal symptoms occurred after just one day without use. Greater frequency and quantity of SCRA use were linked to more withdrawal symptoms. Compared to high-potency herbal cannabis, SCRAs were rated as having a faster onset, shorter duration of effects, faster tolerance development, and more severe withdrawal. The findings suggest that SCRAs carry a greater risk of problematic use and a more severe withdrawal syndrome than natural cannabis.

The impact of childhood trauma and cannabis use on paranoia: a structural equation model approach.

Psychological medicine August 8, 2025 Giulia Trotta, Edoardo Spinazzola, Hannah Degen et al. 4 citations

Childhood trauma, especially emotional and physical abuse, is strongly linked to paranoia, and cannabis use amplifies that effect. In a survey of 4,736 adults, those who experienced childhood trauma reported higher paranoia, and weekly cannabis use—measured in standard THC units—also predicted greater paranoia. Cannabis use partially mediated the link between trauma and paranoia, though trauma itself had a much larger direct effect. The findings suggest that assessing both trauma history and cannabis exposure in standard THC units could improve risk detection and guide interventions for people with childhood trauma.

Three-day blues after ecstasy/MDMA use: Evidence from a longitudinal and daily analysis in the European nightlife scene.

Drug and alcohol dependence September 12, 2025 Matthijs Blankers, Ruben Van Beek, Desirée Spronk et al. 1 citation

In the three days after using ecstasy/MDMA, young adults who regularly use the drug report a small but significant drop in mental well-being, even after accounting for other substance use, sleep, and baseline depression or anxiety. Cocaine co-use and poor sleep further worsened the effect. No similar drop was seen after use of other common substances. The findings suggest the post-acute mood decline is specifically linked to ecstasy/MDMA, not just party or lifestyle factors.