Theories and measures of consciousness: An extended framework
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences July 5, 2006 Anil K. Seth, Eugene M. Izhikevich, George N. Reeke et al. 327 citations
No single quantitative measure—neural complexity, information integration, or causal density—fully captures the multidimensional complexity of the neural systems underlying consciousness, and each has practical limitations. The analysis suggests that combining alternative measures may improve quantitative characterization, but some aspects of consciousness likely resist quantification entirely, so a satisfactory theory should blend qualitative and quantitative elements.