Psychoactive Isoxazoles, Muscimol, and Isoxazole Derivatives from the Amanita (Agaricomycetes) Species: Review of New Trends in Synthesis, Dosage, and Biological Properties.
International journal of medicinal mushrooms January 1, 2023 Alex Okhovat, Westley Cruces, Maite L Docampo-Palacios et al.
The Amanita muscaria mushroom contains alkaloids such as muscazone, muscarine, ibotenic acid, and muscimol, with the latter two acting as potent GABA agonists. Muscimol has served as a template for designing GABA agonists that do not affect GABA transaminase or GABA uptake. Analogs like THIP, THPO, iso-THIP, iso-THAZ, and 4-PIOL interact with GABA receptors differently. Conflicting opinions on the neuroprotective role of muscimol analogs against neurodegenerative diseases and their potential in treating cerebral ischemia and other health conditions motivate this review.