Breaking the cycle: a systematic review of neurobiological mechanisms and psychotherapeutic innovations in ketamine addiction.
Journal of addictive diseases March 6, 2025 Christopher Lomas 2 citations
Non-prescribed ketamine use involves complex interactions of neurobiological, socioeconomic, demographic, and psychological factors, with adolescents, women, and polysubstance users at higher risk. Neurobiological mechanisms include prefrontal-limbic dysconnectivity, maladaptive neuroplasticity, and HPA axis dysregulation. Psychotherapies show varying efficacy, and an innovative framework aligns therapeutic timing with phases of neuroplastic recovery. Biomarkers such as BDNF and HRV may guide personalized interventions. Research gaps include limited representation of low-resource settings and insufficient longitudinal data. A comprehensive neurobiologically informed model integrating digital platforms, culturally tailored strategies, and biomarkers is recommended to improve treatment outcomes.