Repeated ketamine administration in male rats produces schizophrenia-like symptoms and alters glutamatergic and dopaminergic activity, mainly in the prefrontal cortex and dorsomedial striatum, through a bidirectional pattern. These changes are accompanied by glutamatergic/GABAergic deviations and impaired function of parvalbumin- and cholecystokinin-positive interneurons, indicating an excitation/inhibition imbalance. Cannabidiol (CBD) counteracted the schizophrenia-like behavioral phenotype, reversed prefrontal abnormalities and ventral hippocampal E/I deficits, and partially modulated dorsostriatal dysregulations. The findings suggest CBD's antipsychotic action involves region-specific modulations in corticohippocampal and corticostriatal circuitry, pointing to potential therapeutic strategies focused on restoring E/I balance.
Psychedelic therapies face layered complexity from interactions between pharmacological and extra-pharmacological factors, and their embeddedness in societal, legal, and regulatory systems. This is compounded by epistemic fragmentation: dominant biomedical paradigms often clash with knowledge from social sciences, humanities, or Indigenous traditions. Though interdisciplinary engagement is increasingly recognized as necessary, existing calls rarely specify structural or pedagogical conditions for operationalizing it. Addressing these complexities requires moving beyond superficial collaboration; genuine interdisciplinary progress needs researchers capable of productive friction across epistemic cultures. The authors propose cultivating T-shaped competencies and intersectoral training as a structural response to these systemic challenges.