Genetics of Response to ECT, TMS, Ketamine and Esketamine.
American journal of medical genetics. Part B, Neuropsychiatric genetics : the official publication of the International Society of Psychiatric Genetics June 17, 2025 Clio E Franklin, Murat Altinay, Kala Bailey et al. 2 citations
For treatment-resistant mood disorders, intensive interventions such as electroconvulsive therapy, transcranial magnetic stimulation, ketamine, and esketamine are commonly used, but how genetics influences response to these therapies remains unclear. A review of the current literature finds that most studies have examined single variants in candidate genes, particularly COMT and BDNF, yet none have been consistently reproducible. Genome-wide association studies are few and mostly underpowered, with only one exceeding 1000 participants, yielding few statistically significant single nucleotide polymorphisms outside COMT and BDNF. Large-scale data collection is needed to establish genetic predictors and differentiate responses among treatments, a goal being pursued by the worldwide Gen-ECT-ic consortium.