A meta-analysis of 12 randomized controlled trials involving 643 participants found that mindfulness-based interventions significantly reduce parental stress, improve mindfulness awareness, and alleviate anxiety, depression, and stress in parents of children with autism. The interventions also significantly improved social responsiveness in children with autism. However, no significant effects were found for reducing problematic behaviors in children, improving children's emotional and behavioral difficulties, or enhancing parental psychological resilience. The effects on children's emotional and behavioral challenges and parental resilience remain inconclusive.
Tinnitus, the perception of sound without an external source, lacks effective treatments. Psilocybin, a psychedelic, shows promise by activating 5-HT2A receptors, boosting glutamate release, and upregulating BDNF, which increases dendritic spine density and synaptic proteins in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex, restoring neural plasticity. This review connects these neuroplasticity mechanisms to tinnitus-related neural changes, highlighting psilocybin's regulatory effects on excitatory (glutamate, dopamine) and inhibitory (GABA) neurotransmitters and their receptors, suggesting a novel therapeutic pathway.