Consciousness and Human Brain Organoids: A Conceptual Mapping of Ethical and Philosophical Literature.
AJOB neuroscience July 9, 2025 Aileen Van Gyseghem, Kris Dierickx, Andrew J Barnhart 17 citations
Consciousness in human brain organoids (HBOs) is difficult to define and detect because existing theories conflict. This review of 24 peer-reviewed publications reveals six key themes: how consciousness is defined, biological limits of organoids, conflicting theories of consciousness, methods for detecting consciousness, comparisons with other conscious entities, and the unique ethical status of HBOs. Uncertainty about consciousness itself complicates ethical debates. The authors suggest that focusing on organoid intelligence—a more concrete concept—may advance research and communication, while clear language is needed to avoid misunderstandings.