Mindfulness practices and transcranial direct current stimulation: A systematic review and meta-analysis of self-reported mindfulness.
Brain and cognition May 27, 2025 Steven Wickens, Gummersall Timothy, Brown Trevor 4 citations
A meta-analysis of eight sham-controlled randomized trials found that combining mindfulness practices with active transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) produces a small but significant increase in self-reported mindfulness compared to mindfulness with sham stimulation. The effect size was small (standardized mean difference = 0.24). Most studies used 2 mA anodal stimulation to the prefrontal cortex. The findings suggest that tDCS can augment the benefits of mindfulness practice, supporting a synergistic multimodal approach.