Outcomes of patients receiving interventional psychiatric procedures in a large integrated healthcare system.
Psychiatry research July 19, 2025 Kevin J Li, Natalie E Slama, Ingrid L Chen et al. 2 citations
Patients receiving electroconvulsive therapy, transcranial magnetic stimulation, or ketamine intravenous treatments for treatment-resistant depression showed greater improvement on the PHQ-9 depression questionnaire at six weeks compared to those receiving standard medication management alone. Among 22,481 patients in a large integrated healthcare system, the adjusted improvement was 2.16 points greater for ECT, 2.02 points greater for ketamine, and 1.64 points greater for TMS. Certain patient characteristics were linked to worsening symptoms, including non-white race for ECT and medication management, anxiety disorder for TMS, and personality disorder for all groups. Conversely, psychotic disorder was associated with better response to ECT, and bipolar disorder with better response to ketamine. Continuation or maintenance ketamine treatment was associated with a 75% lower risk of psychiatric hospitalization within 12 months.