Epigenetic Echoes: Bridging Nature, Nurture, and Healing Across Generations.
International journal of molecular sciences March 27, 2025 Blerida Banushi, Jemma Collova, Helen Milroy 19 citations
Trauma can affect individuals within a single generation and also pass to future generations through a mix of biological and environmental factors. This review describes epigenetic mechanisms linked to trauma's transmission, such as DNA methylation, histone modifications, and non-coding RNAs, which regulate stress-related genes like NR3C1 and FKBP5. While animal studies suggest possible epigenetic pathways for intergenerational effects, applying these to humans is difficult due to confounding variables, methodological limits, and ethical concerns. Emerging therapies, including psychedelic-assisted treatments and mind-body interventions, may address both psychological and epigenetic aspects of trauma. Enriched environments, cultural reconnection, and psychosocial interventions also show promise. The review emphasizes interdisciplinary approaches to break cycles of trauma and foster resilience.