A randomized controlled trial compared a four-month Mindfulness-Based Health Promotion (MBHP) program with computer-based cognitive stimulation in older adults. Quality of life improved significantly only in the cognitive stimulation group. However, the MBHP group showed improvements in stress, anxiety, intrinsic religiosity, and sleep quality. Qualitative interviews with MBHP participants revealed enhanced perceptions of social support, self-awareness, self-care, and sleep quality, creating a discrepancy between quantitative quality-of-life results and subjective reports. The MBHP program did not significantly improve quality of life compared to cognitive stimulation, but it positively impacted several well-being indicators.
Mindfulness-based interventions can reduce anxiety, depression, and chronic pain, but their effect on sleep is not well established. Sleep can be measured subjectively (questionnaires, logs) or objectively (actigraphy, polysomnography). A review of 193 articles found that most studies (78%) used only subjective sleep measures, which show higher variability and uncertainty and moderate to nonexistent agreement with objective measures. This reliance on subjective assessment may create a misperception about mindfulness effects on sleep. Future research should emphasize objective measurements while acknowledging that subjective measures remain useful for some aspects of the sleep-mindfulness relationship.