Detecting Lucid Dreams by Electroencephalography and Eyebrow Movements.
Sleep science (Sao Paulo, Brazil) December 1, 2023 Michael Raduga, Andrey Shashkov 1 citation
Lucid dreaming occurs when metacognition arises during REM sleep. Standard verification requires multiple sensors. Researchers hypothesized that preagreed frontalis movements (PAFMs)—raising the eyebrows three times—could be seen on a single EEG sensor. Five volunteers induced lucid dreams and signaled using both standard eye movements and PAFMs. All participants sent signals from eight lucid dreams. PAFMs were equally distinctive on most EEGs but depended on accurate instruction, exhibited two EEG patterns, and caused immediate awakening when the dream was unstable. PAFMs are less consistent than eye movements but can verify lucid dreaming with only one EEG sensor when polysomnography is unavailable.