Nature medicine
June 1, 2021
Jennifer M Mitchell, Michael Bogenschutz, Alia Lilienstein et al.
965 citations
A phase 3 clinical trial tested MDMA-assisted therapy against placebo for severe PTSD. Participants received manualized therapy with either MDMA or placebo alongside preparatory and integrative sessions. At two months after the last session, the MDMA group showed a significantly greater reduction in PTSD symptoms (average 24.4-point drop on the CAPS-5 scale) compared to the placebo group (13.9-point drop), with a large effect size. Functional impairment also improved more with MDMA. No serious safety issues such as abuse potential, suicidality, or heart rhythm problems were observed. The findings suggest MDMA-assisted therapy is highly effective and safe for severe PTSD, including in people with common co-occurring conditions.
Psychopharmacology
January 2, 2019
Thomas Anderson, Rotem Petranker, Daniel Rosenbaum et al.
171 citations
People who currently or formerly microdosed psychedelics like LSD or psilocybin reported lower dysfunctional attitudes and negative emotionality, and higher wisdom, open-mindedness, and creativity compared to non-microdosers. These differences were observed in an online observational study using self-report questionnaires and a creativity task. The findings suggest potential benefits of microdosing, but controlled experiments are needed to confirm safety and clinical efficacy.
Harm Reduction Journal
July 9, 2019
Thomas Anderson, Rotem Petranker, Adam Christopher et al.
130 citations
A mixed-methods study of an active microdosing community categorizes the experiences participants report, identifying high-potential avenues for future scientific research. The resulting taxonomy distills intervention targets from participant reports to help allocate research funding efficiently. Microdosing research complements full-dose psychedelic studies as clinical treatments and neuropharmacological mechanisms are developed. The framework aims to guide researchers and clinicians as experimental microdosing research begins in earnest.
Focus (American Psychiatric Publishing)
July 1, 2023
Jennifer M Mitchell, Michael Bogenschutz, Alia Lilienstein et al.
97 citations
A phase 3 clinical trial tested MDMA-assisted therapy for severe PTSD. In 90 participants randomized to receive either MDMA or placebo alongside therapy, those receiving MDMA showed a significantly larger reduction in PTSD symptoms, with an average decrease of 24.4 points on the CAPS-5 scale compared to 13.9 points in the placebo group. Functional impairment also improved more with MDMA. No serious safety issues like abuse potential or suicidality were observed. The treatment was effective even for patients with common co-occurring conditions such as depression or substance use history. The authors conclude MDMA-assisted therapy is a safe and highly effective treatment for severe PTSD.
Journal of Psychopharmacology
February 28, 2020
Daniel Rosenbaum, Cory R. Weissman, Thomas Anderson et al.
75 citations
People who microdose psychedelics—taking small, non-hallucinogenic amounts of LSD or psilocybin—are less likely to report a history of substance use disorders or anxiety disorders than non-microdosers, but more likely to report recent recreational substance use. Among 909 participants recruited from Reddit, most microdosers used LSD (59.3%) or psilocybin (25.9%) on a one-day-on, two-days-off schedule. The findings suggest that microdosers differ from non-microdosers in psychiatric and substance-use profiles, and well-designed randomized controlled trials are needed to evaluate safety and potential benefits in clinical populations.
Nature medicine
June 3, 2025
Chloé Pronovost-Morgan, Kyle T. Greenway, Leor Roseman et al.
26 citations
A Delphi consensus study with 89 experts from 17 countries identified 30 extra-pharmacological variables that are important or very important for reporting the setting in psychedelic clinical trials. These variables, forming the ReSPCT guidelines, cover physical environment, dosing session procedure, therapeutic framework and protocol, and subjective experiences. The findings reveal significant ambiguities in current conceptualizations of set and setting. The guidelines provide a new standard for designing and documenting contextual factors in psychedelic research.
Canadian Family Physician
November 1, 2022
Ryan Patchett-Marble, Sean O’sullivan, Sayali Tadwalkar et al.
13 citations
Psychedelic medicine is experiencing a resurgence of interest after decades of dormancy, primarily driven by medical researchers. Recent legal changes in Canada have permitted some access to these compounds, though the abstract does not specify a main finding or argument beyond describing this renaissance and legal context.
November 1, 2018
Thomas Anderson, Rotem Petranker, Daniel M. Rosenbaum et al.
11 citations
preprint
People who regularly consume small amounts of psychedelics like LSD or psilocybin—a practice called microdosing—report lower levels of dysfunctional attitudes and negative emotionality, and higher levels of wisdom, open-mindedness, and creativity compared to those who do not microdose. This pre-registered study, the first to investigate microdosing and mental health, recruited participants from online forums. Although promising, the findings are preliminary and warrant controlled experimental research to test safety and clinical efficacy. Microdosing may offer clinical benefits without the hallucinogenic effects of full-dose psychedelic therapy.
Hastings Cent Rep
July 1, 2024
Daniel Rosenbaum, Crystal Hare, Emma Hapke et al.
10 citations
Experiential training—where aspiring therapists undergo psychedelic-assisted therapy themselves—should not be mandatory, according to an ethical analysis applying Sandell et al.'s framework of training therapy functions. The analysis identifies five potential benefits (therapeutic, modeling, empathic, persuasive, and theoretical functions) but weighs them against six domains of risk: physical and psychological harms, negative effects on therapeutic skill, justice and equity concerns, dual relationships, privacy breaches, and undue pressure. Because many programs already include experiential components, the authors argue that the analysis can inform risk-mitigation strategies rather than justify a requirement.
Pilot and Feasibility Studies
October 28, 2025
Candice Richardson, Cindy Chan, Emily Macgregor et al.
1 citation
A new therapy combining psilocybin with evidence-based psychotherapies for people with advanced cancer, called PEARL therapy, will be tested in an open-label trial with 15 participants. The study will assess whether the therapy is acceptable, feasible, and safe by tracking recruitment, retention, adherence, and serious adverse events, and by collecting self-report questionnaires and qualitative interviews. This research aims to inform policy, training, and clinical guidelines for psychedelic-assisted therapies, which may improve quality of life for those with advanced disease.