People who use both marijuana and alcohol score higher in the mysticism dimension of spirituality than those who only drink alcohol, according to a new Czech questionnaire. Individuals who attribute their spiritual feelings to drug use report greater spirituality than those who do not. Gender, age, education, and profession show no significant effect on spirituality, but religious and nonreligious drug users differ in specific spiritual dimensions. The findings are based on 155 respondents using the Prague Spiritual Questionnaire.
Indigenous concepts of consciousness are often relational and inseparable from environmental and religious ideas, varying widely across cultural groups. This exploration of variability among a few Indigenous understandings reveals that they view consciousness as layered, with global and local consciousness not in opposition. The study discusses how these adaptive concepts can inform contemporary scientific debates.