Ketamine psychotherapy for heroin addiction: immediate effects and two-year follow-up.
Journal of substance abuse treatment December 1, 2002 Evgeny Krupitsky, Andrey Burakov, Tatyana Romanova et al. 240 citations
In a double-blind randomized clinical trial, seventy detoxified heroin-addicted patients received either a high psychedelic dose (2.0 mg/kg) or a low non-psychedelic dose (0.2 mg/kg) of ketamine combined with existentially oriented psychotherapy. The high dose produced a full psychedelic experience and led to significantly greater abstinence rates over two years, a greater and longer-lasting reduction in heroin craving, and more positive change in unconscious emotional attitudes compared to the low dose. Both patients and therapists were unaware of the dose given.