Journal of substance abuse treatment
December 1, 2002
Evgeny Krupitsky, Andrey Burakov, Tatyana Romanova et al.
240 citations
In a double-blind randomized clinical trial, seventy detoxified heroin-addicted patients received either a high psychedelic dose (2.0 mg/kg) or a low non-psychedelic dose (0.2 mg/kg) of ketamine combined with existentially oriented psychotherapy. The high dose produced a full psychedelic experience and led to significantly greater abstinence rates over two years, a greater and longer-lasting reduction in heroin craving, and more positive change in unconscious emotional attitudes compared to the low dose. Both patients and therapists were unaware of the dose given.
Journal of substance abuse treatment
January 1, 1994
S G Sheppard
162 citations
A single high dose of ibogaine, a naturally occurring psychotropic alkaloid, eliminated opiate withdrawal symptoms in seven addicted individuals. At doses of 700–1800 mg, none showed significant withdrawal after the 24–38-hour psychoactive period. Of the six who took 1000 mg or more, two relapsed after weeks, one returned to intermittent heroin use, and three remained drug-free for at least 14 weeks. The one who took 700 mg resumed abuse after 2 days. Ibogaine may help treat substance abuse and inspire future medications.
Journal of substance abuse treatment
March 1, 2007
Traci Rieckmann, Marilyn Daley, Bret E Fuller et al.
75 citations
In a survey of 376 counselors and 1,083 clients from outpatient, methadone, and residential drug treatment programs, attitudes, perceived social norms, and intentions regarding four medications for opiate dependence—methadone, buprenorphine, clonidine, and ibogaine—varied by treatment setting. Methadone clients and counselors held more positive attitudes toward methadone, while those in residential and outpatient settings rated it neutrally or negatively. Buprenorphine received relatively neutral assessments across all settings. Clonidine and ibogaine were viewed negatively by both groups everywhere. Perceived social norms, particularly beliefs about peers' views, strongly influenced intentions to use medications, suggesting peer perceptions play a critical role in medication adoption for opiate dependence.
Journal of substance abuse treatment
July 1, 2022
Patrick Köck, Katharina Froelich, Marc Walter et al.
68 citations
Ibogaine and its alkaloids reduce withdrawal symptoms and craving in substance use disorders, and may also improve depression and trauma-related symptoms. However, severe medical complications and deaths have been reported, linked to neuro- and cardiotoxic effects. Two fatalities occurred among 705 individuals across 24 studies, which included two randomized controlled trials and 17 open-label studies. Ibogaine's distinct psychoactive and somatic effects set it apart from classic hallucinogens like LSD and psilocybin. Rigorous medical monitoring is needed for safe application.
Journal of substance abuse treatment
July 1, 2008
Valerie Hoover, Douglas B Marlowe, Nicholas S Patapis et al.
38 citations
A majority of websites selling or promoting Salvia divinorum, a potent hallucinogen legal in most U.S. states, present misleading or false information about the drug's safety. About 58% of sites offered the drug for sale or linked to sellers, and 78% advocated for its use. Many sites erroneously interpreted the lack of scientific data on side effects as proof that no side effects exist. The online availability and promotion resemble those of other abused drugs, but far less is known about Salvia's short- and long-term effects, leaving little evidence to counter the pro-use claims. This has implications for drug policy, prevention, and treatment.