Psychedelic Effects of Ketamine in Healthy Volunteers
Anesthesiology January 1, 1998 Andrew t. Bowdle, Allen d. Radant, Deborah s. Cowley et al. 371 citations
Subanesthetic doses of ketamine produce a unique spectrum of subjective psychedelic effects in healthy volunteers. The relationship between steady-state venous plasma ketamine concentrations and the intensity of these effects is highly linear across the range of 50 to 200 ng/ml. Ketamine produced dose-related psychedelic effects, with linear regression coefficients for visual analog scale scores ranging from 0.93 to 0.99. Hallucinogen rating scale scores were similar to those found in a previous study with psychedelic doses of N,N-dimethyltryptamine, an illicit LSD-25-like drug.