Parallel artificial liquid membrane extraction of new psychoactive substances in plasma and whole blood.
Journal of chromatography. B, Analytical technologies in the biomedical and life sciences March 24, 2017 Linda Vårdal, Hilde-Merete Askildsen, Astrid Gjelstad et al. 34 citations
Parallel artificial liquid membrane extraction (PALME) combined with ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry can screen for new psychoactive substances (NPS) in plasma and whole blood. Eleven NPS, including MDAI, methylone, and MDPV, were extracted from alkalized donor solutions across an organic liquid membrane into an acidic acceptor solution using a pH gradient. For plasma, the donor solution contained 125 µL plasma, 115 µL 40 mM NaOH, and 10 µL internal standard; for whole blood, it contained 100 µL blood, 50 µL water, 75 µL 80 mM NaOH, and 25 µL internal standard. Extraction used 5 µL dodecyl acetate with 1% trioctylamine as the membrane and 50 µL 20 mM formic acid as the acceptor, agitated at 900 rpm for 120 minutes. Validation met FDA guidelines.