Addictive morbidity from psychotropic substances in Ukraine remained stable or declined between 2005 and 2008. For hypnotics and sedatives (diazepam, phenobarbital) and hallucinogens (LSD, psilocybin, mescaline), rates per 100,000 population held steady. Psychostimulant (amphetamine) addiction dropped by about 24% over the same period. These substances are legally restricted. The findings come from a forensic and pharmaceutical analysis of statistical data, scientific literature, and regulatory documents.
An evaluation of the irrational use of smoking mixtures containing entheogens, specifically the Amanita muscaria mushroom, was conducted through multidisciplinary pharmacognostic, forensic, pharmaceutical, clinical, toxicological, and legal analyses. The study concluded that such use is irrational. A forensic medical and toxicological examination of Amanita poisoning was performed, and pharmaceutical safety measures for poisoning cases were informed. A pharmacognostic study of Amanita muscaria was conducted. Based on normative analysis of the circulation of fly agaric entheogens, regulatory initiatives were proposed. The mushroom contains psychoactive substances psilocybin or psilocin with hallucinogenic effects.