Hallucinogen Persisting Perception Disorder: Etiology, Clinical Features, and Therapeutic Perspectives
Brain Sciences March 16, 2018 Giovanni Martinotti, Rita Santacroce, Mauro Pettorruso et al. 171 citations
Hallucinogen Persisting Perception Disorder (HPPD) is a rare condition linked to hallucinogenic drug use, often diagnosed in individuals with prior psychological issues or substance misuse, but it can occur after a single exposure. This review of 45 original studies examines proposed etiologies, the hallucinogens involved, clinical features of HPPD types I and II, psychiatric comorbidities, and available or potential treatments. The findings suggest that HPPD remains poorly understood, with limited therapeutic options, highlighting the need for further research.