Effectiveness of ketamine-assisted psychotherapy as a treatment for treatment-resistant depression: a systematic review.
Psychopharmacology February 7, 2026 Rebecca J Simpson, Mario F Juruena 1 citation
Ketamine-assisted psychotherapy (KAP) shows promise for treatment-resistant depression, with reductions in depressive symptoms sustained up to six months in some cases. However, among the three studies with control groups, no significant differences were found between KAP and control conditions. Methodological heterogeneity across the 11 included studies—including variability in treatment protocols, outcome measures, and study designs—limits the ability to draw firm conclusions or identify mechanisms driving KAP's effects. More rigorous research, particularly randomized controlled trials, is needed to better understand its efficacy and mechanisms.