Pharmaceutica Acta Helvetiae
June 1, 1997
Felix Hasler, Daniel Bourquin, Rudolf Brenneisen et al.
231 citations
After oral ingestion of psilocybin, the main psychoactive compound in Psilocybe mushrooms, peak plasma levels of its metabolite psilocin occur around 105 minutes, averaging 8.2 ng/ml. Another metabolite, 4HIAA, peaks at about 113 minutes at 150 ng/ml. Intravenous administration produces psilocin peaks within roughly 2 minutes at 12.9 ng/ml, indicating rapid dephosphorylation of psilocybin. 4HIAA was not detected after intravenous dosing. The absolute oral bioavailability of psilocin from psilocybin is estimated at about 53%.
Journal of Analytical Toxicology
October 1, 1996
H. J. Helmlin, K. Bracher, Daniel Bourquin et al.
160 citations
MDMA (Ecstasy) is a widely abused illicit drug at European all-night dance parties. Analytical methods were established to detect MDMA and its metabolites (HMMA, HHMA, MDA, HMA, HHA) in plasma and urine. Plasma and urine samples from two participants in a controlled clinical study were analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. After a single oral dose of 1.5 mg/kg MDMA, peak plasma levels of 331 ng/mL MDMA occurred at 2 hours, and 15 ng/mL MDA at 6.3 hours. Peak urine MDMA concentration was 28.1 micrograms/mL at 21.5 hours. Conjugated HMMA and HHMA are the main urinary metabolites.
Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis
August 26, 2002
Felix Hasler, Daniel Bourquin, Rudolf Brenneisen et al.
100 citations
After oral doses of psilocybin (212 ± 25 µg/kg body weight), the metabolite psilocin appears in urine, peaking at 870 µg/L between 2 and 4 hours. Within 24 hours, 3.4 ± 0.9% of the dose is excreted as free psilocin. Adding beta-glucuronidase doubles measured psilocin levels, indicating partial excretion as psilocin-O-glucuronide, though 18 ± 7% of unconjugated psilocin decomposes during incubation. Enzymatic hydrolysis extends detectability in urine.