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Michela Ciccarese

Azienda Sanitaria Unità Locale di Reggio Emilia

1 paper in the library · 25 citations · publishing 2018

Papers

Psychedelic Fauna for Psychonaut Hunters: A Mini-Review

Frontiers in Psychiatry May 22, 2018 Laura Orsolini, Michela Ciccarese, Duccio Papanti et al. 25 citations

A new 'psychedelic trend' has emerged, driven by psychonauts who consume a variety of novel psychoactive substances (NPS) from animals. This review identifies several species—including ants, amphibians, and fish—that possess psychoactive properties and are abused recreationally. Routes of administration vary by animal, substance, metabolism, toxicity, and cultural context. Online access to these animals is facilitated through tourism-related search terms such as 'frog trip' and 'religious trip.' The review combines online psychonaut reports with literature searches from PubMed/Medline and Google Scholar to provide an overview of commonly abused 'psychedelic animals.'