Neurochemical, Neurocircuitry, and Psychopathological Mechanisms of PTSD: Emerging Pharmacotherapies and Clinical Perspectives.
ACS chemical neuroscience June 10, 2025 Santosh Kumar Prajapati, Shreyasi Majumdar, Snehapriya Murari et al. 14 citations
PTSD involves complex disruptions in brain circuits, stress hormone regulation, and multiple neurotransmitter systems including serotonin, glutamate, and GABA. This review describes how the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, monoamines, and orexinergic system contribute to the disorder. Emerging treatments discussed include MDMA, ketamine, suvorexant, and cannabinoid modulators, alongside established psychotherapies like cognitive-behavioral therapy. By integrating findings from original research, clinical trials, and reviews published between 1950 and 2025, the authors provide a consolidated framework for understanding PTSD pathophysiology and highlight potential targets for personalized therapies.