MDMA and memory: the acute and chronic effects of MDMA in pigeons performing under a delayed-matching-to-sample procedure
Psychopharmacology February 1, 1993 Mark Lesage, Rodney Clark, Alan Poling 34 citations
In pigeons performing a memory task with 0-, 3-, and 6-second delays, MDMA (0.32–5.6 mg/kg) generally reduced accuracy and response rates at doses of 3.2 mg/kg and above. Accuracy was inversely related to delay length without the drug. Tolerance developed after chronic exposure to 3.2 mg/kg, with greater tolerance at the 0-second delay than at longer delays. No behavioral deterioration occurred when the chronic regimen ended, indicating an absence of behavioral dependence. Although MDMA can have neurotoxic effects, it does not inevitably produce long-lasting or cumulative behavioral impairment.