An Appraisal of the Pharmacological and Toxicological Effects of a Single Oral Administration of 3,4‐Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) in the Rat
Pharmacology & Toxicology May 1, 1997 Ivone de Souza, John Kelly, Andrew Harkin et al. 29 citations
Acute oral administration of MDMA (Ecstasy) to adult female rats produced dose-related effects including hyperthermia, reduced food and water intake, and hyperactivity. Deaths occurred from 40 mg/kg upward. Lower doses (20 and 40 mg/kg) caused prolonged hyperactivity lasting about 9 hours, while higher doses led to serotonin syndrome. The likely cause of death was a combination of serotonin syndrome and hyperthermia.