Treatment-resistant depression: Established and emerging therapies.
The Nurse practitioner December 1, 2024 Leesa A McBroom, Melissa Timmons 3 citations
In 2023, a record 29% of US adults had experienced depression in their lifetime. Depression impairs quality of life, work, and relationships. Many patients do not respond to antidepressants or therapy, leading to treatment-resistant depression (TRD), which worsens outcomes and raises healthcare costs. This review describes current and emerging TRD treatments—electroconvulsive therapy, ketamine, esketamine, and transcranial magnetic stimulation—to guide nurse practitioner practice.